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Louisa Till
Louisa Till (née Middleton) was an English American marionettist and entertainer active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was born in London, England in 1853 and died in Malden, Massachusetts in 1913.
As a member of the Middleton family, Till began performing with Middleton's Royal Marionette Company, which John McCormick describes in ''The Victorian Marionette Theatre'' as "central" to any academic discussion of 19th-century marionette theater.〔McCormick, John. ''The Victorian Marionette Theatre.'' Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004. pp. 23 ISBN 0-87745-912-6〕 Louisa Middleton became Louisa Till upon her marriage to John Coates Till, an English American marionettist and performer who had worked with her family. According to McCormick, John Coates Till traveled to America with William John Bullock's company around 1874, subsequently working with Middleton's Royal Marionette Company before establishing himself as an independent performer and maker of marionettes for sale.〔McCormick, John. The Victorian Marionette Theatre. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004. pp. 86 ISBN 0-87745-912-6〕
Advertisements, articles, and reviews from the late 19th through early 20th centuries describe the Tills as acclaimed marionettists and entertainers who traveled widely throughout the United States and Canada performing original shows with their marionettes and automatons.〔http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E01E0DC1138E430A75753C1A9619C946597D6CF〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cambridge Chronicle 11 July 1903 — Cambridge Public Library )〕 〔http://catalogues.lesliehindman.com/asp/fullcatalogue.asp?salelot=64+++++++273+&refno=10040065〕 The Tills often traveled with variety shows, such as Hyde & Behman's Specialty Company, working in conjunction with other notable performers of the period.〔 http://www.fultonhistory.com/Process%20small/Newspapers/New%20York%20NY%20Clipper%201853%20-%201924/New%20York%20NY%20Clipper%201881-1882.pdf/New%20York%20NY%20Clipper%201881-1882%20-%200549.pdf〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Harrisburg Telegraph from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania · Page 4 )〕
In more recent scholarship, the Tills' minstrel marionette show has been examined for its racially charged depictions of African Americans in the Reconstruction Era.〔Fisler, Benjamin. The Phenomenology of Racialism: Blackface Puppetry in American Theatre (1872-1939). http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/2464/1/umi-umd-2332.pdf〕 〔West, Amber. "Blackface Minstrelsy in American Puppetry." Puppetry and Race, Fall & Winter 2011: Issue No. 30. http://www.unima-usa.org/publications/30/blackface.html〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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